Roblox Game Design

Respawn an Object

-- Put this Script in ServerScriptService.
-- Put a backup copy of the object in ServerStorage.
-- Roblox uses -- for comments. Python uses # for comments.

local ServerStorage = game:GetService("ServerStorage")

-- PART 1: Student settings
-- STUDENT CHANGE: Replace MyObject with the exact name of your car, plane, horse, or model.
local OBJECT_NAME = "MyObject"

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Try 2 for a faster respawn, or 10 for a slower respawn.
local RESPAWN_SECONDS = 5

-- STUDENT CHANGE:
-- Try a smaller number like 10 to respawn sooner.
-- Try a bigger number like 50 if the object is large.
local HOME_RADIUS = 25

-- PART 2: Good parts to track on moving objects
-- You usually do not need to change this list.
local TRACKING_PART_NAMES = {
    "DriveSeat",
    "DriverSeat",
    "HumanoidRootPart",
    "RootPart",
    "Torso",
}

-- PART 3: Find the backup object and the starting object
local templateObject = ServerStorage:FindFirstChild(OBJECT_NAME)

if not templateObject then
    warn("Missing backup object in ServerStorage: " .. OBJECT_NAME)
    return
end

local startingObject = workspace:FindFirstChild(OBJECT_NAME, true)

if not startingObject then
    warn("Missing starting object in Workspace: " .. OBJECT_NAME)
    return
end

local startCFrame

if startingObject:IsA("Model") then
    startCFrame = startingObject:GetPivot()
elseif startingObject:IsA("BasePart") then
    startCFrame = startingObject.CFrame
else
    warn(OBJECT_NAME .. " must be a Model or a Part")
    return
end

-- PART 4: Pick one part that tells us where the object is
-- Cars usually use a seat. Characters and animals often use HumanoidRootPart or Torso.
local function findTrackingPart(object)
    if object:IsA("BasePart") then
        return object
    end

    if not object:IsA("Model") then
        return nil
    end

    for _, partName in ipairs(TRACKING_PART_NAMES) do
        local part = object:FindFirstChild(partName, true)

        if part and part:IsA("BasePart") then
            return part
        end
    end

    local vehicleSeat = object:FindFirstChildWhichIsA("VehicleSeat", true)
    if vehicleSeat then
        return vehicleSeat
    end

    local seat = object:FindFirstChildWhichIsA("Seat", true)
    if seat then
        return seat
    end

    return object:FindFirstChildWhichIsA("BasePart", true)
end

local startPart = findTrackingPart(startingObject)

if not startPart then
    warn("Could not find a moving part inside: " .. OBJECT_NAME)
    return
end

local startPosition = startPart.Position
local isRespawning = false

-- PART 5: Check whether any copy of this object is still near home
local function objectIsAtStart()
    for _, thing in ipairs(workspace:GetDescendants()) do
        if thing.Name == OBJECT_NAME then
            local trackingPart = findTrackingPart(thing)

            if trackingPart then
                local distance = (trackingPart.Position - startPosition).Magnitude

                if distance < HOME_RADIUS then
                    return true
                end
            end
        end
    end

    return false
end

-- PART 6: Spawn a fresh copy at the starting place
-- This does NOT delete the object that was driven away.
local function spawnObject()
    local newObject = templateObject:Clone()

    if newObject:IsA("Model") then
        newObject:PivotTo(startCFrame)
    elseif newObject:IsA("BasePart") then
        newObject.CFrame = startCFrame
    end

    newObject.Parent = workspace
    print("Respawned: " .. OBJECT_NAME)
end

print("Watching object for respawn: " .. OBJECT_NAME)

-- PART 7: Main loop
-- Every second, check whether the home spot is empty.
while true do
    task.wait(1)

    if not isRespawning and not objectIsAtStart() then
        isRespawning = true
        task.wait(RESPAWN_SECONDS)

        if not objectIsAtStart() then
            spawnObject()
        end

        isRespawning = false
    end
end

Race Checkpoints

local Players = game:GetService("Players")

-- PART 1: Student settings
-- STUDENT CHANGE: This folder must exist in Workspace.
local CHECKPOINT_FOLDER_NAME = "RaceCheckpoints"

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Change this if you want 5 checkpoints, 20 checkpoints, etc.
local CHECKPOINT_COUNT = 10

-- STUDENT CHANGE: After someone wins, wait this many seconds before resetting.
local RESET_AFTER_WIN_SECONDS = 5

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Sound played when the correct checkpoint is touched.
local CORRECT_SOUND_ID = "rbxassetid://12221967"

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Sound played when the wrong checkpoint is touched.
local WRONG_SOUND_ID = "rbxassetid://138090596"

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Sound played when the player wins.
local WIN_SOUND_ID = "rbxassetid://12222253"

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Try 0.3 for quiet, 1 for normal, or 2 for loud.
local SOUND_VOLUME = 1

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Change these colors to change the flash effect.
local CORRECT_FLASH_COLOR = Color3.fromRGB(80, 255, 120)
local WRONG_FLASH_COLOR = Color3.fromRGB(255, 80, 80)
local WIN_FLASH_COLOR = Color3.fromRGB(255, 215, 0)

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Bigger number means more flashes.
local FLASH_COUNT = 3

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Bigger number means slower flashing.
local FLASH_SPEED = 0.12

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Bigger number makes the checkpoint number float higher.
local NUMBER_HEIGHT = 5

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Change the number color.
local NUMBER_COLOR = Color3.fromRGB(255, 255, 255)

local checkpointFolder = workspace:WaitForChild(CHECKPOINT_FOLDER_NAME)

local raceWinner = nil
local lastTouchTime = {}

local function showFeedback(player, text, color)
	local playerGui = player:FindFirstChild("PlayerGui") or player:WaitForChild("PlayerGui", 2)

	if not playerGui then
		return
	end

	local gui = playerGui:FindFirstChild("RaceFeedbackGui")

	if not gui then
		gui = Instance.new("ScreenGui")
		gui.Name = "RaceFeedbackGui"
		gui.ResetOnSpawn = false
		gui.Parent = playerGui
	end

	local label = gui:FindFirstChild("Message")

	if not label then
		label = Instance.new("TextLabel")
		label.Name = "Message"
		label.Size = UDim2.new(0.6, 0, 0, 60)
		label.Position = UDim2.new(0.2, 0, 0.12, 0)
		label.BackgroundColor3 = Color3.fromRGB(0, 0, 0)
		label.BackgroundTransparency = 0.25
		label.TextScaled = true
		label.Font = Enum.Font.GothamBold
		label.Visible = false
		label.Parent = gui
	end

	label.Text = text
	label.TextColor3 = color
	label.Visible = true

	task.delay(2, function()
		if label and label.Parent and label.Text == text then
			label.Visible = false
		end
	end)
end

local function playSound(player, soundId)
	local playerGui = player:FindFirstChild("PlayerGui") or player:WaitForChild("PlayerGui", 2)

	if not playerGui then
		return
	end

	local sound = Instance.new("Sound")
	sound.SoundId = soundId
	sound.Volume = SOUND_VOLUME
	sound.Parent = playerGui
	sound:Play()

	sound.Ended:Connect(function()
		sound:Destroy()
	end)

	task.delay(5, function()
		if sound and sound.Parent then
			sound:Destroy()
		end
	end)
end

local function flashCheckpoint(checkpoint, flashColor)
	if checkpoint:GetAttribute("IsFlashing") then
		return
	end

	checkpoint:SetAttribute("IsFlashing", true)

	local originalColor = checkpoint.Color
	local originalTransparency = checkpoint.Transparency
	local originalMaterial = checkpoint.Material

	task.spawn(function()
		for _ = 1, FLASH_COUNT do
			checkpoint.Color = flashColor
			checkpoint.Transparency = 0.1
			checkpoint.Material = Enum.Material.Neon

			task.wait(FLASH_SPEED)

			checkpoint.Color = originalColor
			checkpoint.Transparency = originalTransparency
			checkpoint.Material = originalMaterial

			task.wait(FLASH_SPEED)
		end

		checkpoint.Color = originalColor
		checkpoint.Transparency = originalTransparency
		checkpoint.Material = originalMaterial
		checkpoint:SetAttribute("IsFlashing", false)
	end)
end

local function addCheckpointNumber(checkpoint, checkpointNumber)
	local oldLabel = checkpoint:FindFirstChild("CheckpointNumberLabel")

	if oldLabel then
		oldLabel:Destroy()
	end

	local billboard = Instance.new("BillboardGui")
	billboard.Name = "CheckpointNumberLabel"
	billboard.Size = UDim2.new(0, 100, 0, 100)
	billboard.StudsOffset = Vector3.new(0, NUMBER_HEIGHT, 0)
	billboard.AlwaysOnTop = true
	billboard.Parent = checkpoint

	local textLabel = Instance.new("TextLabel")
	textLabel.Size = UDim2.new(1, 0, 1, 0)
	textLabel.BackgroundTransparency = 1
	textLabel.Text = tostring(checkpointNumber)
	textLabel.TextScaled = true
	textLabel.Font = Enum.Font.GothamBlack
	textLabel.TextColor3 = NUMBER_COLOR
	textLabel.TextStrokeTransparency = 0
	textLabel.TextStrokeColor3 = Color3.fromRGB(0, 0, 0)
	textLabel.Parent = billboard
end

local function setupPlayer(player)
	player:SetAttribute("NextCheckpoint", 1)
	player:SetAttribute("FinishedRace", false)

	local leaderstats = player:FindFirstChild("leaderstats")

	if not leaderstats then
		leaderstats = Instance.new("Folder")
		leaderstats.Name = "leaderstats"
		leaderstats.Parent = player
	end

	local checkpointStat = leaderstats:FindFirstChild("Checkpoint")

	if not checkpointStat then
		checkpointStat = Instance.new("IntValue")
		checkpointStat.Name = "Checkpoint"
		checkpointStat.Parent = leaderstats
	end

	checkpointStat.Value = 0

	local wins = leaderstats:FindFirstChild("Wins")

	if not wins then
		wins = Instance.new("IntValue")
		wins.Name = "Wins"
		wins.Parent = leaderstats
	end
end

local function findPlayerFromHit(hit)
	local current = hit

	while current and current ~= workspace do
		if current:IsA("Model") then
			local player = Players:GetPlayerFromCharacter(current)

			if player then
				return player
			end

			local vehicleSeat = current:FindFirstChildWhichIsA("VehicleSeat", true)

			if vehicleSeat and vehicleSeat.Occupant then
				return Players:GetPlayerFromCharacter(vehicleSeat.Occupant.Parent)
			end

			local seat = current:FindFirstChildWhichIsA("Seat", true)

			if seat and seat.Occupant then
				return Players:GetPlayerFromCharacter(seat.Occupant.Parent)
			end
		end

		current = current.Parent
	end

	return nil
end

local function resetRace()
	raceWinner = nil

	for _, player in ipairs(Players:GetPlayers()) do
		player:SetAttribute("NextCheckpoint", 1)
		player:SetAttribute("FinishedRace", false)

		local leaderstats = player:FindFirstChild("leaderstats")
		local checkpointStat = leaderstats and leaderstats:FindFirstChild("Checkpoint")

		if checkpointStat then
			checkpointStat.Value = 0
		end
	end

	print("Race reset. Start at Checkpoint1 again.")
end

local function handleCheckpointTouch(checkpointNumber, checkpoint, hit)
	if raceWinner then
		return
	end

	local player = findPlayerFromHit(hit)

	if not player then
		return
	end

	local touchKey = player.UserId .. "-" .. checkpointNumber
	local now = os.clock()

	if lastTouchTime[touchKey] and now - lastTouchTime[touchKey] < 1 then
		return
	end

	lastTouchTime[touchKey] = now

	local nextCheckpoint = player:GetAttribute("NextCheckpoint") or 1

	if checkpointNumber < nextCheckpoint then
		return
	end

	if checkpointNumber > nextCheckpoint then
		showFeedback(
			player,
			"Wrong checkpoint! Go to Checkpoint" .. nextCheckpoint,
			Color3.fromRGB(255, 80, 80)
		)

		playSound(player, WRONG_SOUND_ID)
		flashCheckpoint(checkpoint, WRONG_FLASH_COLOR)

		print(player.Name .. " touched Checkpoint" .. checkpointNumber .. " but needs Checkpoint" .. nextCheckpoint)
		return
	end

	local leaderstats = player:FindFirstChild("leaderstats")
	local checkpointStat = leaderstats and leaderstats:FindFirstChild("Checkpoint")

	if checkpointStat then
		checkpointStat.Value = checkpointNumber
	end

	showFeedback(
		player,
		"Good! Checkpoint " .. checkpointNumber .. "/" .. CHECKPOINT_COUNT,
		Color3.fromRGB(80, 255, 120)
	)

	playSound(player, CORRECT_SOUND_ID)

	print(player.Name .. " completed Checkpoint" .. checkpointNumber)

	if checkpointNumber == CHECKPOINT_COUNT then
		raceWinner = player
		player:SetAttribute("FinishedRace", true)

		local wins = leaderstats and leaderstats:FindFirstChild("Wins")

		if wins then
			wins.Value += 1
		end

		showFeedback(
			player,
			"You win the race!",
			Color3.fromRGB(255, 215, 0)
		)

		playSound(player, WIN_SOUND_ID)
		flashCheckpoint(checkpoint, WIN_FLASH_COLOR)

		print(player.Name .. " WINS THE RACE!")

		task.wait(RESET_AFTER_WIN_SECONDS)
		resetRace()
	else
		flashCheckpoint(checkpoint, CORRECT_FLASH_COLOR)
		player:SetAttribute("NextCheckpoint", checkpointNumber + 1)
	end
end

Players.PlayerAdded:Connect(setupPlayer)

for _, player in ipairs(Players:GetPlayers()) do
	setupPlayer(player)
end

for checkpointNumber = 1, CHECKPOINT_COUNT do
	local checkpoint = checkpointFolder:WaitForChild("Checkpoint" .. checkpointNumber)

	checkpoint.Anchored = true
	checkpoint.CanCollide = false
	checkpoint.Transparency = math.max(checkpoint.Transparency, 0.5)

	addCheckpointNumber(checkpoint, checkpointNumber)

	checkpoint.Touched:Connect(function(hit)
		handleCheckpointTouch(checkpointNumber, checkpoint, hit)
	end)
end

print("Race checkpoint system ready.")

Score Pad

-- Put this Script in ServerScriptService.
-- Create one or more Parts in Workspace named ScorePad.
-- Roblox uses -- for comments. Python uses # for comments.

local Players = game:GetService("Players")
local Debris = game:GetService("Debris")

-- PART 1: Student settings
-- STUDENT CHANGE: Every score pad Part in Workspace should use this exact name.
local SCORE_PAD_NAME = "ScorePad"

-- STUDENT CHANGE: How many points the player gets when touching the object.
local POINTS_PER_TOUCH = 1

-- STUDENT CHANGE: How long the object disappears after someone scores.
local RESPAWN_SECONDS = 10

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Sound played when someone scores.
local SCORE_SOUND_ID = "rbxassetid://12221967"

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Try 0.3 for quiet, 1 for normal, or 2 for loud.
local SOUND_VOLUME = 1

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Change these colors to change the score effect.
local READY_COLOR = Color3.fromRGB(0, 200, 255)
local SCORE_FLASH_COLOR = Color3.fromRGB(255, 230, 80)

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Change this if you want the object more visible or more transparent.
local READY_TRANSPARENCY = 0.2

-- PART 2: Create the PadScore leaderboard for each player
local function setupPlayer(player)
	local leaderstats = player:FindFirstChild("leaderstats")

	if not leaderstats then
		leaderstats = Instance.new("Folder")
		leaderstats.Name = "leaderstats"
		leaderstats.Parent = player
	end

	local score = leaderstats:FindFirstChild("PadScore")

	if not score then
		score = Instance.new("IntValue")
		score.Name = "PadScore"
		score.Parent = leaderstats
	end
end

-- PART 3: Find the player who touched the score pad
-- This works if the player walks into it OR drives a car into it.
local function findPlayerFromHit(hit)
	local current = hit

	while current and current ~= workspace do
		if current:IsA("Model") then
			local player = Players:GetPlayerFromCharacter(current)

			if player then
				return player
			end

			local vehicleSeat = current:FindFirstChildWhichIsA("VehicleSeat", true)

			if vehicleSeat and vehicleSeat.Occupant then
				return Players:GetPlayerFromCharacter(vehicleSeat.Occupant.Parent)
			end

			local seat = current:FindFirstChildWhichIsA("Seat", true)

			if seat and seat.Occupant then
				return Players:GetPlayerFromCharacter(seat.Occupant.Parent)
			end
		end

		current = current.Parent
	end

	return nil
end

-- PART 4: Play a sound from the score pad
local function playScoreSound(scorePad)
	if SCORE_SOUND_ID == "" then
		return
	end

	local sound = Instance.new("Sound")
	sound.Name = "ScorePadSound"
	sound.SoundId = SCORE_SOUND_ID
	sound.Volume = SOUND_VOLUME
	sound.Parent = scorePad
	sound:Play()

	Debris:AddItem(sound, 5)
end

-- PART 5: Flash the score pad before it disappears
local function flashScorePad(scorePad)
	scorePad.Color = SCORE_FLASH_COLOR
	scorePad.Material = Enum.Material.Neon
	scorePad.Transparency = 0

	local light = Instance.new("PointLight")
	light.Name = "ScorePadLight"
	light.Color = SCORE_FLASH_COLOR
	light.Brightness = 5
	light.Range = 18
	light.Parent = scorePad

	Debris:AddItem(light, 0.4)
end

-- PART 6: Hide the score pad after someone scores
local function hideScorePad(scorePad)
	scorePad.Transparency = 1
	scorePad.CanTouch = false
	scorePad.CanCollide = false
	scorePad.CanQuery = false
end

-- PART 7: Show the score pad again
local function showScorePad(scorePad)
	scorePad.Color = READY_COLOR
	scorePad.Material = Enum.Material.Neon
	scorePad.Transparency = READY_TRANSPARENCY
	scorePad.CanTouch = true
	scorePad.CanCollide = false
	scorePad.CanQuery = true
	scorePad:SetAttribute("IsHidden", false)
end

-- PART 8: Give the player points
local function givePoint(player)
	local leaderstats = player:FindFirstChild("leaderstats")
	local score = leaderstats and leaderstats:FindFirstChild("PadScore")

	if score then
		score.Value += POINTS_PER_TOUCH
	end
end

-- PART 9: Handle one score pad touch
local function handleScorePadTouch(scorePad, hit)
	if scorePad:GetAttribute("IsHidden") then
		return
	end

	local player = findPlayerFromHit(hit)

	if not player then
		return
	end

	scorePad:SetAttribute("IsHidden", true)

	givePoint(player)
	flashScorePad(scorePad)
	playScoreSound(scorePad)

	print(player.Name .. " scored +" .. POINTS_PER_TOUCH)

	task.delay(0.25, function()
		if scorePad and scorePad.Parent then
			hideScorePad(scorePad)
		end
	end)

	task.delay(RESPAWN_SECONDS, function()
		if scorePad and scorePad.Parent then
			showScorePad(scorePad)
		end
	end)
end

-- PART 10: Connect one score pad
local function setupScorePad(scorePad)
	if not scorePad:IsA("BasePart") then
		return false
	end

	if scorePad:GetAttribute("ScorePadReady") then
		return false
	end

	scorePad:SetAttribute("ScorePadReady", true)
	scorePad.Anchored = true
	showScorePad(scorePad)

	scorePad.Touched:Connect(function(hit)
		handleScorePadTouch(scorePad, hit)
	end)

	return true
end

Players.PlayerAdded:Connect(setupPlayer)

for _, player in ipairs(Players:GetPlayers()) do
	setupPlayer(player)
end

-- PART 11: Find every score pad with the same name
local scorePadCount = 0

for _, thing in ipairs(workspace:GetDescendants()) do
	if thing.Name == SCORE_PAD_NAME and setupScorePad(thing) then
		scorePadCount += 1
	end
end

workspace.DescendantAdded:Connect(function(thing)
	if thing.Name == SCORE_PAD_NAME and setupScorePad(thing) then
		scorePadCount += 1
		print("Added ScorePad. Total score pads: " .. scorePadCount)
	end
end)

if scorePadCount == 0 then
	warn("No score pads found. Create Parts in Workspace named " .. SCORE_PAD_NAME)
else
	print("Score pads ready: " .. scorePadCount)
end

Rocket Ball

-- Put this Script in ServerScriptService.
-- Create one Sphere Part in Workspace named RocketBall.
-- This version uses the simple kickable-ball idea, adapted for cars.
-- Goal: light soccer feel, no wild spinning, no "hit a brick" feeling.
-- Roblox uses -- for comments. Python uses # for comments.

local Debris = game:GetService("Debris")

-- PART 1: Student settings
-- STUDENT CHANGE: The ball in Workspace must use this exact name.
local BALL_NAME = "RocketBall"

-- These default Attributes are added to the ball if students did not add them yet.
-- Students can click RocketBall in Explorer and change these Attributes in Properties.
local DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES = {
	-- STUDENT CHANGE: Base speed added when a car hits the ball.
	KickForce = 142,

	-- STUDENT CHANGE: Bigger number means fast cars kick the ball harder.
	-- Try 0.4 for soft, 0.7 for soccer feel, or 1 for very strong.
	CarSpeedBonus = 0.7,

	-- STUDENT CHANGE: Bigger number means the car's facing direction controls the kick more.
	-- Try 0 for contact-angle only, 0.5 for balanced, or 1 for car-facing only.
	SteerPower = 0.9,

	-- STUDENT CHANGE: Bigger number makes the ball hop upward more.
	UpForce = 18,

	-- STUDENT CHANGE: The ball will not be allowed to move faster than this.
	MaxSpeed = 85,

	-- STUDENT CHANGE: Smaller number makes the ball feel lighter.
	BallDensity = 0.035,

	-- STUDENT CHANGE: Smaller number makes the ball roll with less drag.
	BallFriction = 0.03,

	-- STUDENT CHANGE: 0 means no bounce. 1 means very bouncy.
	BouncePower = 0.9,

	-- STUDENT CHANGE: Smaller number stops unwanted spin faster.
	-- Try 0 for almost no spin, 0.2 for a little spin, 0.5 for more spin.
	SpinKeepAmount = 0.12,

	-- STUDENT CHANGE: 0.9 means the car keeps 90% of its forward speed after contact.
	VehicleKeepSpeedAfterHit = 0.9,

	-- STUDENT CHANGE: How many seconds the BodyVelocity kick lasts.
	KickDuration = 0.16,

	-- STUDENT CHANGE: If the ball falls below this Y height, it respawns.
	RespawnY = -50,

	-- STUDENT CHANGE: How many seconds to wait before resetting or replacing the ball.
	RespawnDelay = 3,
}

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Smaller number lets the same car push the ball more often.
local HIT_COOLDOWN_SECONDS = 0.2

local currentBall = nil
local ballTemplate = nil
local startCFrame = nil
local touchConnection = nil
local isRespawning = false
local lastVehicleHitTime = {}

-- PART 2: Make sure the ball has editable Attributes
local function addDefaultAttributes(ball)
	for attributeName, defaultValue in pairs(DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES) do
		if ball:GetAttribute(attributeName) == nil then
			ball:SetAttribute(attributeName, defaultValue)
		end
	end
end

local function getNumberAttribute(ball, attributeName)
	local value = ball:GetAttribute(attributeName)

	if typeof(value) == "number" then
		return value
	end

	local defaultValue = DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES[attributeName]
	ball:SetAttribute(attributeName, defaultValue)

	return defaultValue
end

-- PART 3: Prepare the ball physics
local function configureBall(ball)
	addDefaultAttributes(ball)

	if ball:IsA("Part") then
		ball.Shape = Enum.PartType.Ball
	end

	ball.Anchored = false
	ball.CanCollide = true
	ball.CanTouch = true
	ball.CanQuery = true
	ball.Material = Enum.Material.SmoothPlastic

	local ballDensity = math.max(getNumberAttribute(ball, "BallDensity"), 0.01)
	local ballFriction = math.clamp(getNumberAttribute(ball, "BallFriction"), 0, 1)
	local bouncePower = math.clamp(getNumberAttribute(ball, "BouncePower"), 0, 1)

	ball.CustomPhysicalProperties = PhysicalProperties.new(ballDensity, ballFriction, bouncePower, 0.2, 1)

	pcall(function()
		ball:SetNetworkOwner(nil)
	end)
end

-- PART 4: Find the car that hit the ball
local function findVehicleFromHit(hit)
	local current = hit

	while current and current ~= workspace do
		if current:IsA("Model") then
			local vehicleSeat = current:FindFirstChildWhichIsA("VehicleSeat", true)
			local seat = current:FindFirstChildWhichIsA("Seat", true)
			local drivingSeat = vehicleSeat or seat

			if drivingSeat and drivingSeat.Occupant then
				return current, drivingSeat
			end
		end

		current = current.Parent
	end

	return nil, nil
end

-- PART 5: Keep the ball from moving too fast
local function limitBallSpeed(ball)
	local maxSpeed = getNumberAttribute(ball, "MaxSpeed")
	local velocity = ball.AssemblyLinearVelocity

	if velocity.Magnitude > maxSpeed then
		ball.AssemblyLinearVelocity = velocity.Unit * maxSpeed
	end
end

-- PART 6: Choose the kick direction
local function getKickDirection(ball, drivingSeat)
	local angleDirection = ball.Position - drivingSeat.Position
	local flatAngleDirection = Vector3.new(angleDirection.X, 0, angleDirection.Z)
	local aimDirection = drivingSeat.CFrame.LookVector
	local flatAimDirection = Vector3.new(aimDirection.X, 0, aimDirection.Z)
	local steerPower = math.clamp(getNumberAttribute(ball, "SteerPower"), 0, 1)

	if flatAngleDirection.Magnitude < 0.1 then
		flatAngleDirection = flatAimDirection
	end

	if flatAngleDirection.Magnitude < 0.1 or flatAimDirection.Magnitude < 0.1 then
		return nil
	end

	local contactDirection = flatAngleDirection.Unit
	local carAimDirection = flatAimDirection.Unit
	local mixedDirection = (contactDirection * (1 - steerPower)) + (carAimDirection * steerPower)

	if mixedDirection.Magnitude < 0.1 then
		return contactDirection
	end

	return mixedDirection.Unit
end

-- PART 7: Kick the ball with a short BodyVelocity
local function kickBall(ball, kickDirection, kickSpeed)
	local oldVelocity = ball:FindFirstChild("RocketBallKickVelocity")

	if oldVelocity then
		oldVelocity:Destroy()
	end

	local upForce = getNumberAttribute(ball, "UpForce")
	local kickDuration = getNumberAttribute(ball, "KickDuration")
	local maxSpeed = getNumberAttribute(ball, "MaxSpeed")
	local finalSpeed = math.min(kickSpeed, maxSpeed)
	local newVelocity = kickDirection * finalSpeed + Vector3.new(0, upForce, 0)

	ball.AssemblyAngularVelocity = Vector3.zero

	local velocity = Instance.new("BodyVelocity")
	velocity.Name = "RocketBallKickVelocity"
	velocity.MaxForce = Vector3.new(1, 1, 1) * math.huge
	velocity.Velocity = newVelocity
	velocity.Parent = ball

	Debris:AddItem(velocity, kickDuration)

	task.delay(kickDuration, function()
		if ball and ball.Parent then
			ball.AssemblyLinearVelocity = newVelocity
			ball.AssemblyAngularVelocity = ball.AssemblyAngularVelocity * getNumberAttribute(ball, "SpinKeepAmount")
			limitBallSpeed(ball)
		end
	end)
end

-- PART 8: Keep the car from feeling like it hit a brick
local function keepVehicleMoving(ball, drivingSeat)
	local keepSpeedAmount = math.clamp(getNumberAttribute(ball, "VehicleKeepSpeedAfterHit"), 0, 1)
	local forwardDirection = drivingSeat.CFrame.LookVector
	local flatForward = Vector3.new(forwardDirection.X, 0, forwardDirection.Z)

	if flatForward.Magnitude < 0.1 then
		return
	end

	local currentVelocity = drivingSeat.AssemblyLinearVelocity
	local currentFlatVelocity = Vector3.new(currentVelocity.X, 0, currentVelocity.Z)
	local forwardSpeed = currentFlatVelocity:Dot(flatForward.Unit)

	if forwardSpeed < 0 then
		forwardSpeed = 0
	end

	local targetForwardSpeed = math.max(forwardSpeed, getNumberAttribute(ball, "KickForce") * keepSpeedAmount)
	local targetVelocity = flatForward.Unit * targetForwardSpeed

	drivingSeat.AssemblyLinearVelocity = Vector3.new(targetVelocity.X, currentVelocity.Y, targetVelocity.Z)
	drivingSeat.AssemblyAngularVelocity = drivingSeat.AssemblyAngularVelocity * 0.5
end

-- PART 9: Push the ball when a driven car hits it
local function pushBallFromVehicle(ball, vehicle, drivingSeat)
	local kickDirection = getKickDirection(ball, drivingSeat)

	if not kickDirection then
		return
	end

	local kickForce = getNumberAttribute(ball, "KickForce")
	local carSpeedBonus = getNumberAttribute(ball, "CarSpeedBonus")
	local carFlatVelocity = Vector3.new(
		drivingSeat.AssemblyLinearVelocity.X,
		0,
		drivingSeat.AssemblyLinearVelocity.Z
	)
	local kickSpeed = kickForce + carFlatVelocity.Magnitude * carSpeedBonus

	kickBall(ball, kickDirection, kickSpeed)
	keepVehicleMoving(ball, drivingSeat)

	print("RocketBall car kick: " .. vehicle.Name .. " speed=" .. math.floor(kickSpeed))
end

local function handleBallTouch(hit)
	local ball = currentBall

	if not ball or not ball.Parent then
		return
	end

	local vehicle, drivingSeat = findVehicleFromHit(hit)

	if not vehicle or not drivingSeat then
		return
	end

	local now = os.clock()

	if lastVehicleHitTime[vehicle] and now - lastVehicleHitTime[vehicle] < HIT_COOLDOWN_SECONDS then
		return
	end

	lastVehicleHitTime[vehicle] = now
	pushBallFromVehicle(ball, vehicle, drivingSeat)
end

-- PART 10: Connect the active ball
local function setupActiveBall(ball)
	if touchConnection then
		touchConnection:Disconnect()
	end

	currentBall = ball
	configureBall(ball)

	touchConnection = ball.Touched:Connect(handleBallTouch)
end

-- PART 11: Reset an existing ball or replace a deleted ball
local function spawnReplacementBall()
	local newBall = ballTemplate:Clone()
	newBall.Name = BALL_NAME
	newBall.CFrame = startCFrame
	newBall.AssemblyLinearVelocity = Vector3.zero
	newBall.AssemblyAngularVelocity = Vector3.zero
	newBall.Parent = workspace

	setupActiveBall(newBall)
end

local function respawnBall(reason)
	if isRespawning then
		return
	end

	isRespawning = true

	local ballForSettings = currentBall or ballTemplate
	local respawnDelay = getNumberAttribute(ballForSettings, "RespawnDelay")

	print("RocketBall will respawn in " .. respawnDelay .. " seconds: " .. reason)

	task.delay(respawnDelay, function()
		if currentBall and currentBall.Parent then
			currentBall.CFrame = startCFrame
			currentBall.AssemblyLinearVelocity = Vector3.zero
			currentBall.AssemblyAngularVelocity = Vector3.zero
			configureBall(currentBall)
			print("RocketBall reset to the middle.")
		else
			spawnReplacementBall()
			print("RocketBall was replaced at the middle.")
		end

		isRespawning = false
	end)
end

-- PART 12: Start the ball controller
local startingBall = workspace:FindFirstChild(BALL_NAME)

if not startingBall or not startingBall:IsA("BasePart") then
	warn("Create one Sphere Part in Workspace named " .. BALL_NAME)
	return
end

configureBall(startingBall)

startCFrame = startingBall.CFrame
ballTemplate = startingBall:Clone()

setupActiveBall(startingBall)

print("RocketBall car-kick controller ready.")

-- PART 13: Watch the ball while the game runs
while true do
	task.wait(0.25)

	local ball = currentBall

	if not ball or not ball.Parent then
		respawnBall("ball was deleted")
	elseif ball.Position.Y < getNumberAttribute(ball, "RespawnY") then
		respawnBall("ball fell below RespawnY")
	else
		configureBall(ball)
		ball.AssemblyAngularVelocity = ball.AssemblyAngularVelocity * getNumberAttribute(ball, "SpinKeepAmount")
		limitBallSpeed(ball)
	end
end

Car Jump and Air Boost

local Players = game:GetService("Players")
local RunService = game:GetService("RunService")

-- ROCKET JUMP NEW: We use UserInputService to listen for the Space key.
local UserInputService = game:GetService("UserInputService")

local Constants = require(script.Parent.Parent.Constants)
local Units = require(script.Parent.Parent.Units)
local Controller = require(script.Parent.Parent.Controller)
local Camera = require(script.Parent.Camera)
local Input = require(script.Parent.Input)
local Speedometer = require(script.Parent.Speedometer)
local setJumpingEnabled = require(script.setJumpingEnabled)
local disconnectAndClear = require(script.Parent.disconnectAndClear)

local destructionHandlerTemplate = script.DestructionHandler
local player = Players.LocalPlayer
local car = script.Parent.Parent.Parent
local driverSeat = car.DriverSeat
local chassis = car.Chassis
local engine = car.Engine
local remotes = car.Remotes
local setNitroEnabledRemote = remotes.SetNitroEnabled
local animations = car.Animations
local driveAnimation = animations.DriveAnimation

local isControlling = false
local connections = {}
local driveAnimationTrack = nil

-- ROCKET JUMP NEW: These variables remember whether this car already jumped or boosted.
local jumpUsed = false
local airBoostUsed = false
local lastSpaceTime = 0
local jumpTime = 0

-- ROCKET JUMP NEW - STUDENT CHANGE:
-- Bigger number makes the first Space press jump higher.
local JUMP_UP_SPEED = 55

-- ROCKET JUMP NEW - STUDENT CHANGE:
-- Bigger number makes the second Space press push forward harder.
-- This is 4x stronger than the first version, which used 95.
local AIR_BOOST_FORWARD_SPEED = 380

-- ROCKET JUMP NEW - STUDENT CHANGE:
-- Adds a little upward lift during the second Space boost.
local AIR_BOOST_UP_SPEED = 16

-- ROCKET JUMP NEW - STUDENT CHANGE:
-- Smaller number allows faster repeated key presses.
local SPACE_COOLDOWN_SECONDS = 0.12

-- ROCKET JUMP NEW:
-- After the car jumps, ignore the ground for a tiny moment so the second Space can work.
local IGNORE_GROUND_AFTER_JUMP_SECONDS = 0.35

-- ROCKET JUMP NEW:
-- How far below the chassis to look for the ground.
local GROUND_CHECK_DISTANCE = 8

-- ROCKET JUMP NEW - STUDENT CHANGE:
-- Smaller number removes more spin and makes the car more stable in the air.
-- Try 0.1 for very stable or 0.5 for more flipping.
local AIR_SPIN_KEEP_AMOUNT = 0.2

-- ROCKET JUMP NEW - STUDENT CHANGE:
-- Bigger number makes the car float longer after Space.
local FLOAT_ASSIST_SECONDS = 0.8

-- ROCKET JUMP NEW - STUDENT CHANGE:
-- 0 means no float help. 1 means almost cancels gravity while floating.
local FLOAT_GRAVITY_CANCEL = 0.65

-- ROCKET JUMP NEW: Check if the car is touching or near the ground.
local function isCarGrounded()
	local raycastParams = RaycastParams.new()
	raycastParams.FilterType = Enum.RaycastFilterType.Exclude
	raycastParams.FilterDescendantsInstances = { car }

	local result = workspace:Raycast(
		chassis.Position,
		Vector3.new(0, -GROUND_CHECK_DISTANCE, 0),
		raycastParams
	)

	return result ~= nil
end

-- ROCKET JUMP NEW: Push the main car assembly.
-- We do NOT set every wheel and body part separately, because that can make the car unstable.
local function setCarVelocity(newVelocity)
	chassis.AssemblyLinearVelocity = newVelocity

	if driverSeat ~= chassis then
		driverSeat.AssemblyLinearVelocity = newVelocity
	end
end

-- ROCKET JUMP NEW: Reduce spin so the car stays easier to control in the air.
local function stabilizeCarSpin()
	chassis.AssemblyAngularVelocity = chassis.AssemblyAngularVelocity * AIR_SPIN_KEEP_AMOUNT

	if driverSeat ~= chassis then
		driverSeat.AssemblyAngularVelocity = driverSeat.AssemblyAngularVelocity * AIR_SPIN_KEEP_AMOUNT
	end
end

-- ROCKET JUMP NEW: Add a short upward force so the car hangs in the air longer.
local function applyFloatAssist()
	local oldForce = chassis:FindFirstChild("RocketJumpFloatForce")

	if oldForce then
		oldForce:Destroy()
	end

	local attachment = chassis:FindFirstChild("RocketJumpFloatAttachment")

	if not attachment then
		attachment = Instance.new("Attachment")
		attachment.Name = "RocketJumpFloatAttachment"
		attachment.Parent = chassis
	end

	local force = Instance.new("VectorForce")
	force.Name = "RocketJumpFloatForce"
	force.Attachment0 = attachment
	force.ApplyAtCenterOfMass = true
	force.RelativeTo = Enum.ActuatorRelativeTo.World
	force.Force = Vector3.new(0, chassis.AssemblyMass * workspace.Gravity * FLOAT_GRAVITY_CANCEL, 0)
	force.Parent = chassis

	task.delay(FLOAT_ASSIST_SECONDS, function()
		if force and force.Parent then
			force:Destroy()
		end
	end)
end

-- ROCKET JUMP NEW: First Space press.
local function jumpCar()
	local oldVelocity = chassis.AssemblyLinearVelocity
	local newVelocity = Vector3.new(oldVelocity.X, JUMP_UP_SPEED, oldVelocity.Z)

	jumpUsed = true
	airBoostUsed = false
	jumpTime = os.clock()

	setCarVelocity(newVelocity)
	stabilizeCarSpin()
	applyFloatAssist()
end

-- ROCKET JUMP NEW: Second Space press while the car is in the air.
local function airBoostCar()
	local forwardDirection = chassis.CFrame.LookVector
	local oldVelocity = chassis.AssemblyLinearVelocity
	local forwardVelocity = forwardDirection.Unit * AIR_BOOST_FORWARD_SPEED
	local newVelocity = forwardVelocity + Vector3.new(0, math.max(oldVelocity.Y, AIR_BOOST_UP_SPEED), 0)

	airBoostUsed = true

	setCarVelocity(newVelocity)
	stabilizeCarSpin()
	applyFloatAssist()
end

-- ROCKET JUMP NEW: Decide whether Space should jump or air boost.
local function handleSpacePressed(input)
	if input.KeyCode ~= Enum.KeyCode.Space then
		return
	end

	if UserInputService:GetFocusedTextBox() then
		return
	end

	local now = os.clock()

	if now - lastSpaceTime < SPACE_COOLDOWN_SECONDS then
		return
	end

	lastSpaceTime = now

	local recentlyJumped = jumpUsed and now - jumpTime < IGNORE_GROUND_AFTER_JUMP_SECONDS
	local grounded = isCarGrounded() and not recentlyJumped

	if grounded then
		jumpUsed = false
		airBoostUsed = false
	end

	if not jumpUsed then
		jumpCar()
	elseif not airBoostUsed then
		airBoostCar()
	end
end

-- Enable the client modules and Controller update loop
local function startControlling()
	if isControlling then
		return
	end
	isControlling = true

	-- Stop the player from jumping out the seat since a separate key is bound to exit the car.
	local character = player.Character
	if character then
		setJumpingEnabled(character, false)

		-- Play the driving animation
		local humanoid = character:FindFirstChildOfClass("Humanoid")
		if humanoid then
			local animator = humanoid:FindFirstChildOfClass("Animator")
			if animator then
				driveAnimationTrack = animator:LoadAnimation(driveAnimation)
				driveAnimationTrack:Play()
			end
		end
	end

	-- Connect the Controller's update function to RunService.Stepped.
	-- Stepped is used here since it fires prior to the physics simulation, and the controller
	-- updates the physics constraints on the car.
	table.insert(
		connections,
		RunService.Stepped:Connect(function(_, deltaTime: number)
			Controller:update(deltaTime)
		end)
	)

	-- ROCKET JUMP NEW: Listen for Space only while this player is driving this car.
	table.insert(
		connections,
		UserInputService.InputBegan:Connect(function(input)
			handleSpacePressed(input)
		end)
	)

	-- Enable replication for the nitro audio and VFX
	table.insert(
		connections,
		engine:GetAttributeChangedSignal(Constants.NITRO_ENABLED_ATTRIBUTE):Connect(function()
			local isNitroEnabled = engine:GetAttribute(Constants.NITRO_ENABLED_ATTRIBUTE)
			setNitroEnabledRemote:FireServer(isNitroEnabled)
		end)
	)

	-- Enable the client modules
	Camera:enable()
	Input:enable()
	Speedometer:enable()
end

-- Disable the client modules and Controller update loop
local function stopControlling()
	if not isControlling then
		return
	end
	isControlling = false

	-- ROCKET JUMP NEW: Reset jump state when the player leaves the car.
	jumpUsed = false
	airBoostUsed = false
	lastSpaceTime = 0
	jumpTime = 0

	-- Disable the client modules
	Camera:disable()
	Input:disable()
	Speedometer:disable()

	-- Disconnect event connections
	disconnectAndClear(connections)

	-- Reset the car Controller. If the car has been destroyed (i.e. is not parented anywhere in the DataModel) this can be skipped.
	if car:IsDescendantOf(game) then
		Controller:reset()
	end

	-- Reenable jumping for the player
	local character = player.Character
	if character then
		setJumpingEnabled(character, true)
	end

	-- Stop the driving animation
	if driveAnimationTrack then
		driveAnimationTrack:Stop()
		driveAnimationTrack = nil
	end
end

-- Call startControlling() or stopControlling() if the player enters or exits the seat
local function onOccupantChanged()
	local isOccupiedByLocalPlayer = false

	local humanoid = driverSeat.Occupant
	if humanoid then
		local character = humanoid.Parent
		local playerInSeat = Players:GetPlayerFromCharacter(character)
		if playerInSeat == player then
			isOccupiedByLocalPlayer = true
		end
	end

	if isOccupiedByLocalPlayer then
		startControlling()
	else
		stopControlling()
	end
end

-- When using Deferred signal mode: since this script is parented to the car, destroying the car will clean up
-- all connections (including .Destroying) before they can actually execute.
-- To avoid this, we'll use a slightly hacky solution and clone a listener script into PlayerScripts.
-- This script will continue running after the car is destroyed and allow us to properly clean up when the car is destroyed.
local function setupDestructionHandler()
	local destructionHandler = destructionHandlerTemplate:Clone()
	destructionHandler.Parent = player.PlayerScripts
	destructionHandler.Enabled = true

	-- Defer firing the BindableEvent so the script is able to initialize first
	task.defer(function()
		destructionHandler.BindToCar:Fire(car, stopControlling)
	end)
end

setupDestructionHandler()
driverSeat:GetPropertyChangedSignal("Occupant"):Connect(onOccupantChanged)

Rocket Goal Scoring

-- Put this Script in ServerScriptService.
-- Use this with the RocketBall script.
-- Create one ball named RocketBall, one red goal named RedGoal, and one blue goal named BlueGoal.
-- Roblox uses -- for comments. Python uses # for comments.

local Players = game:GetService("Players")
local ReplicatedStorage = game:GetService("ReplicatedStorage")
local Debris = game:GetService("Debris")

-- PART 1: Student settings
-- STUDENT CHANGE: The ball in Workspace must use this exact name.
local BALL_NAME = "RocketBall"

-- STUDENT CHANGE: The red goal is defended by Red. If the ball hits it, Blue scores.
local RED_GOAL_NAME = "RedGoal"

-- STUDENT CHANGE: The blue goal is defended by Blue. If the ball hits it, Red scores.
local BLUE_GOAL_NAME = "BlueGoal"

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Try 2 if you want each goal to be worth more points.
local POINTS_PER_GOAL = 1

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Prevents one goal touch from counting many times.
local GOAL_COOLDOWN_SECONDS = 3

-- STUDENT CHANGE: How long the center-screen message stays visible.
local MESSAGE_SECONDS = 3

-- STUDENT CHANGE: How long to wait before putting the ball back in the middle.
local BALL_RESET_DELAY_SECONDS = 0.5

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Celebration sound. Change the number to test another Roblox sound.
local CELEBRATION_SOUND_ID = "rbxassetid://12222253"

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Try 0.3 for quiet, 1 for normal, or 2 for loud.
local SOUND_VOLUME = 1

-- STUDENT CHANGE: Change these colors if your teams use different colors.
local RED_COLOR = Color3.fromRGB(255, 80, 80)
local BLUE_COLOR = Color3.fromRGB(80, 160, 255)
local FLASH_COLOR = Color3.fromRGB(255, 230, 80)

local redScoreValue = nil
local blueScoreValue = nil
local startCFrame = nil
local goalOnCooldown = false

-- PART 2: Find the ball and goals
local ball = workspace:FindFirstChild(BALL_NAME, true)
local redGoal = workspace:FindFirstChild(RED_GOAL_NAME, true)
local blueGoal = workspace:FindFirstChild(BLUE_GOAL_NAME, true)

if not ball or not ball:IsA("BasePart") then
	warn("Create one Sphere Part in Workspace named " .. BALL_NAME)
	return
end

if not redGoal or not redGoal:IsA("BasePart") then
	warn("Create one Part in Workspace named " .. RED_GOAL_NAME)
	return
end

if not blueGoal or not blueGoal:IsA("BasePart") then
	warn("Create one Part in Workspace named " .. BLUE_GOAL_NAME)
	return
end

startCFrame = ball.CFrame

-- PART 3: Create team score values students can see in ReplicatedStorage
local function getOrCreateScoreValue(scoreFolder, valueName)
	local scoreValue = scoreFolder:FindFirstChild(valueName)

	if not scoreValue then
		scoreValue = Instance.new("IntValue")
		scoreValue.Name = valueName
		scoreValue.Value = 0
		scoreValue.Parent = scoreFolder
	end

	return scoreValue
end

local function setupScoreValues()
	local scoreFolder = ReplicatedStorage:FindFirstChild("RocketTeamScores")

	if not scoreFolder then
		scoreFolder = Instance.new("Folder")
		scoreFolder.Name = "RocketTeamScores"
		scoreFolder.Parent = ReplicatedStorage
	end

	redScoreValue = getOrCreateScoreValue(scoreFolder, "RedScore")
	blueScoreValue = getOrCreateScoreValue(scoreFolder, "BlueScore")
end

-- PART 4: Create the screen message and scoreboard
local function createGui(player)
	local playerGui = player:FindFirstChild("PlayerGui") or player:WaitForChild("PlayerGui", 5)

	if not playerGui then
		return nil
	end

	local gui = playerGui:FindFirstChild("RocketGoalGui")

	if gui then
		return gui
	end

	gui = Instance.new("ScreenGui")
	gui.Name = "RocketGoalGui"
	gui.ResetOnSpawn = false
	gui.Parent = playerGui

	local scoreLabel = Instance.new("TextLabel")
	scoreLabel.Name = "ScoreLabel"
	scoreLabel.AnchorPoint = Vector2.new(0.5, 0)
	scoreLabel.Position = UDim2.fromScale(0.5, 0.04)
	scoreLabel.Size = UDim2.fromOffset(360, 44)
	scoreLabel.BackgroundColor3 = Color3.fromRGB(15, 23, 42)
	scoreLabel.BackgroundTransparency = 0.2
	scoreLabel.BorderSizePixel = 0
	scoreLabel.Font = Enum.Font.GothamBold
	scoreLabel.TextScaled = true
	scoreLabel.TextColor3 = Color3.fromRGB(255, 255, 255)
	scoreLabel.Parent = gui

	local messageLabel = Instance.new("TextLabel")
	messageLabel.Name = "MessageLabel"
	messageLabel.AnchorPoint = Vector2.new(0.5, 0.5)
	messageLabel.Position = UDim2.fromScale(0.5, 0.38)
	messageLabel.Size = UDim2.fromOffset(520, 80)
	messageLabel.BackgroundColor3 = Color3.fromRGB(15, 23, 42)
	messageLabel.BackgroundTransparency = 0.15
	messageLabel.BorderSizePixel = 0
	messageLabel.Font = Enum.Font.GothamBlack
	messageLabel.TextScaled = true
	messageLabel.TextColor3 = Color3.fromRGB(255, 255, 255)
	messageLabel.Visible = false
	messageLabel.Parent = gui

	return gui
end

local function updateScoreboard(player)
	local gui = createGui(player)

	if not gui then
		return
	end

	local scoreLabel = gui:FindFirstChild("ScoreLabel")

	if scoreLabel then
		scoreLabel.Text = "Red " .. redScoreValue.Value .. "   |   Blue " .. blueScoreValue.Value
	end
end

local function updateAllScoreboards()
	for _, player in ipairs(Players:GetPlayers()) do
		updateScoreboard(player)
	end
end

local function showCenterMessage(text, color)
	for _, player in ipairs(Players:GetPlayers()) do
		local gui = createGui(player)

		if gui then
			local messageLabel = gui:FindFirstChild("MessageLabel")

			if messageLabel then
				messageLabel.Text = text
				messageLabel.TextColor3 = color
				messageLabel.Visible = true

				task.delay(MESSAGE_SECONDS, function()
					if messageLabel and messageLabel.Parent and messageLabel.Text == text then
						messageLabel.Visible = false
					end
				end)
			end
		end
	end
end

local function getGoalMessage(scoringTeamName)
	local pointWord = "points"

	if POINTS_PER_GOAL == 1 then
		pointWord = "point"
	end

	return scoringTeamName .. " Team won " .. POINTS_PER_GOAL .. " " .. pointWord .. "!"
end

-- PART 5: Goal effects
local function playCelebrationSound(goal)
	local sound = Instance.new("Sound")
	sound.SoundId = CELEBRATION_SOUND_ID
	sound.Volume = SOUND_VOLUME
	sound.Parent = goal
	sound:Play()

	Debris:AddItem(sound, 4)
end

local function flashGoal(goal)
	local originalColor = goal.Color
	local originalMaterial = goal.Material

	goal.Color = FLASH_COLOR
	goal.Material = Enum.Material.Neon

	local light = Instance.new("PointLight")
	light.Color = FLASH_COLOR
	light.Brightness = 3
	light.Range = 18
	light.Parent = goal

	task.delay(0.5, function()
		if goal and goal.Parent then
			goal.Color = originalColor
			goal.Material = originalMaterial
		end

		if light and light.Parent then
			light:Destroy()
		end
	end)
end

-- PART 6: Reset the ball after a goal
local function resetBallToStart()
	task.delay(BALL_RESET_DELAY_SECONDS, function()
		local currentBall = workspace:FindFirstChild(BALL_NAME, true)

		if currentBall and currentBall:IsA("BasePart") then
			currentBall.CFrame = startCFrame
			currentBall.AssemblyLinearVelocity = Vector3.zero
			currentBall.AssemblyAngularVelocity = Vector3.zero
		end
	end)
end

-- PART 7: Score a goal
local function scoreGoal(scoringTeamName, scoringTeamColor, scoringValue, goal)
	if goalOnCooldown then
		return
	end

	goalOnCooldown = true
	scoringValue.Value += POINTS_PER_GOAL
	local goalMessage = getGoalMessage(scoringTeamName)

	updateAllScoreboards()
	showCenterMessage(goalMessage, scoringTeamColor)
	playCelebrationSound(goal)
	flashGoal(goal)
	resetBallToStart()

	print(goalMessage .. " Red " .. redScoreValue.Value .. " - Blue " .. blueScoreValue.Value)

	task.delay(GOAL_COOLDOWN_SECONDS, function()
		goalOnCooldown = false
	end)
end

-- PART 8: Connect the two goals
local function prepareGoal(goal)
	goal.Anchored = true
	goal.CanCollide = false
	goal.CanTouch = true
end

local function connectGoal(goal, scoringTeamName, scoringTeamColor, scoringValue)
	prepareGoal(goal)

	goal.Touched:Connect(function(hit)
		if hit and hit:IsA("BasePart") and hit.Name == BALL_NAME then
			scoreGoal(scoringTeamName, scoringTeamColor, scoringValue, goal)
		end
	end)
end

setupScoreValues()

Players.PlayerAdded:Connect(function(player)
	task.wait(1)
	updateScoreboard(player)
end)

for _, player in ipairs(Players:GetPlayers()) do
	updateScoreboard(player)
end

connectGoal(redGoal, "Blue", BLUE_COLOR, blueScoreValue)
connectGoal(blueGoal, "Red", RED_COLOR, redScoreValue)

print("Rocket goal scoring ready. RedGoal gives Blue a point. BlueGoal gives Red a point.")